Soil Carbon Cycle 

What is the soil carbon cycle?  

The soil carbon cycle is the process through which carbon is exchanged between the atmosphere, soil, and living organisms. It involves the storage of carbon in soil organic matter, its transformation into different forms, and its release back into the atmosphere through processes like decomposition and respiration. 

How does carbon enter the soil?   

Carbon enters the soil primarily through plant photosynthesis. Plants absorb carbon dioxide (CO2) from the atmosphere and convert it into organic matter. When plants shed leaves, roots, or die, this organic matter decomposes and becomes part of the soil, where it contributes to soil carbon stocks. 

What role do microorganisms play in the soil carbon cycle?   

Microorganisms, such as bacteria and fungi, play a crucial role in the soil carbon cycle by breaking down organic matter into simpler forms. This decomposition process releases carbon dioxide and other gases into the atmosphere while converting some of the carbon into stable forms that remain in the soil for longer periods. 

How does soil carbon contribute to soil fertility? 

Soil carbon enhances soil fertility by improving soil structure, increasing water retention, and providing essential nutrients. Organic carbon in the soil helps bind particles together, creating a more stable and porous soil structure that supports healthy plant growth and increases the soil’s ability to retain moisture and nutrients. 

What factors influence the storage and release of soil carbon?  

Several factors influence soil carbon storage and release, including soil type, climate, land use practices, and vegetation cover. Practices such as tillage, deforestation, and overgrazing can accelerate the release of carbon from the soil, while practices like cover cropping, reduced tillage, and organic amendments can enhance carbon storage. Climate conditions, such as temperature and precipitation, also affect the rate of decomposition and carbon sequestration.